Ukusebenzisana Kwenqubomgomo Ekuguqukeni Okuluhlaza: Indawo Yokuthumela Izimpahla E-China Ngo-2025

Ngo-2025, imboni yokuthumela izingubo eShayina idlula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe yizinqubomgomo zokuzinza zasekhaya ezishintshayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindlela zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoba izinhlaka zomthetho zivumelana nezinkinga zemvelo kanye nokulungiswa kwezomnotho, abathumeli bamazwe bahlela kabusha amasu okusebenzisa amathuba avelayo ngenkathi bebhekana nezinselele zokuthobela imithetho.

Izisusa Zokuhlanzeka Kwemvelo Zasekhaya Ziqhuba Uguquko Lwemboni

Isimo senqubomgomo yaseShayina sesibe yisisusa esinamandla sokukhiqiza okusimeme ngokusebenzisa indlela ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izikhuthazo zentela kanye nezibonelelo eziqondile. Izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zinikeza amazinga okubuyiselwa kwemali entela enenani elingeziwe (i-VAT) asukela ku-30% kuya ku-100% kumabhizinisi abandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsizakusebenza okuphelele, ngokusekelwe ezigabeni zephrojekthi ezichazwe kuKhathalogi Yokukhetha I-VAT Esebenzisa Izinsizakusebenza Eziphelele. Umkhiqizi wefayibha esetshenzisiwe ohamba phambili ubike ukuthi uthole ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwe-VAT okungu-¥6.95 million phakathi nengxenye yokuqala ka-2025 ngale ndlela.

Emikhakheni enokungcola okuphezulu njengezembozo zezindwangu, amabhizinisi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-volatile organic compound (VOC) ezingaphansi kuka-420g/L afanelekela ukukhululwa enteleni yokusebenzisa. Ibhizinisi elikhulu lamakhemikhali lithole ukonga intela okungaphezu kwe-¥1 million phakathi ne-H1 2025 ngalesi sinyathelo, okubonisa izinzuzo zezimali zokuthobela imithetho.

Ohulumeni basekhaya basebenzise izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuqinisa izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke. I-Suzhou inikeza imiklomelo efinyelela ku-¥1 million ($138,000) yezitifiketi zefektri eluhlaza ezingeni likazwelonke, kanye nemiklomelo engu-¥500,000 kanye no-¥200,000 yezikhundla zesifundazwe kanye nezomasipala ngokulandelana, ngokusho kwewebhusayithi kahulumeni kamasipala waseSuzhou.

Lezi zikhuthazo zisheshise ukuguqulwa kwemboni, njengoba umthamo wokukhiqiza i-polyester fiber osetshenziswe kabusha kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-8.2 ngo-2025 (kufaka phakathi izinqubo zokuvuselela ngokomzimba namakhemikhali), okubalwa cishe u-18% wesamba sokukhishwa kwe-fiber yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi inhloso yamathani ayizigidi ezi-5 yokuvuselelwa kwendwangu ngemuva kokuthengwa okubekwe yiKhomishini Yentuthuko Nezinguquko Kazwelonke yaseShayina ohlelweni lwayo lweminyaka emihlanu lwe-14 lokuthuthukiswa komnotho ojikelezayo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okuvela ezinkampanini ezifana neJiangsu Lvsike kanye neGolden Eagle Group kuqhuba lokhu kwanda, ngezikhungo ezintsha ezigxile kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuvuselela amakhemikhali obufinyelela amazinga okubuyiselwa kwe-monomer angu-92%.

Ukuguquguquka Kwezohwebo: Ukukhula Okungalingani Kuzo Zonke Izimakethe

Isimo sokuhweba samazwe ngamazwe sinikeza isithombe esixubile sabathumeli bezingubo baseShayina ngo-2025. Naphezu kokungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo komnotho womhlaba wonke, ukuthunyelwa kwezingubo eShayina kubonise ukuqina okukhulu. Ngokusho kwe-General Administration of Customs of China, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2025, inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwezingubo eShayina, okuhlanganisa nezingubo zokugqoka, lifinyelele ku-$73.46 billion, ukwehla okuncane ngo-0.2% unyaka nonyaka, kanti izinga lokwehla liyaqhubeka nokuncipha.

Izimakethe zaseYurophu zibonise amandla amangalisayo, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-EU kukhule ngo-11.3% ku-H1 2025 ukuze kufinyelele ku-$13.76 billion. Lokhu kukhula kuza phakathi kwezakhiwo ezizinzile zentela yemikhiqizo yezindwangu, lapho i-EU igcina amazinga ahlukene ngokusekelwe ezigabeni zemikhiqizo kunokusebenzisa ukwenyuka okuphelele. I-United Kingdom ivele njengendawo egqamile kakhulu, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngo-15.9% phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo.

I-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) isibe yitshe lesisekelo samasu okukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kusukela ngoMeyi 2025, i-Xiamen Customs yayikhiphe izitifiketi ze-RCEP ezihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo ezingama- $4.6 billion emazweni angamalungu, okwenza cishe ama- $65 million ekongeni intela yamabhizinisi. ICambodia ibone ukungeniswa kwezindwangu kwekota yokuqala evela eShayina kukhuphuke ngo-17.7%, okubonisa izinzuzo zentela yezivumelwano zokuhweba zesifunda.

Ukuhlukahlukana kwezimakethe ezisafufusa kuveze imiphumela emihle, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eLatin America kukhule ngo-13.8% kanye ne-Afrika ngo-12.3% ngo-H1 2025. Lezi zinzuzo zisize ekunciphiseni ukwehla kwezimakethe zendabuko njenge-ASEAN, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle ngo-15.9%. Leli su lokwehlukahlukana kwezindawo liye labonakala libalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuthobela Imithetho: Ukukhula Kwezindinganiso Kukhuthaza Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha

Izinhlaka zomthetho zomhlaba wonke ziye zaba nzima kakhulu, ziphoqelela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezibalulekile zokusebenza. Umthethonqubo we-REACH we-European Union manje ukhawulela i-N, i-N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) kanye ne-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one (NEP) – izinyibilikisi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha yokwenziwa – ekugxilweni okungaphansi kuka-0.3% ngesisindo, ngokuphoqelelwa kokuqala ngoDisemba 23, 2026, kanye nokuhlehliswa kuze kube nguJuni 23, 2029, ikakhulukazi ukuze zisetshenziswe njengezinyibilikisi ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha eyenziwe ngumuntu.

Intuthuko efanayo ezidingweni zokulebula ishintsha imikhuba yokucaca kwe-supply chain. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwayo lwesenzo somnotho ojikelezayo, i-EU ibuyekeza imithethonqubo yokulebula izindwangu ukuze yethule amafomethi okulebula ajwayelekile ngokomzimba nangokwedijithali. Lezi zinguquko, ezihlelelwe ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokubuyekezwa kwekota yesine ka-2024, zizofaka phakathi imingcele yokuzinza kanye nokujikeleza. Isu elibanzi le-EU lihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindwangu emakethe yayo zihlala isikhathi eside, zingasetshenziswa kabusha, futhi azinazo izinto eziyingozi ngo-2030.

Ekushintsheni okukhulu kwedijithali, i-EU ikhipha ama-Digital Product Passports (DPP) ezindwangu, ifaka amakhodi e-QR ukuthuthukisa ukucaca kuyo yonke imijikelezo yokuphila komkhiqizo. Lesi sinyathelo sisekela ukulandelela imvelo ngenkathi kunciphisa imithwalo yokuthobela imithetho yamabhizinisi asebenza emazweni amaningi angamalungu.

Ukulungiswa Kwamasu Okukhula Okusimeme

Lezi zinguquko zenqubomgomo ziqhuba izinguquko ezinkulu zokusebenza kulo lonke imboni. Izinkampani zandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D ukuthuthukisa amafomula aphansi e-VOC nokufaka esikhundleni samakhemikhali anqunyelwe, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ziphishekela izitifiketi eziluhlaza ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zenqubomgomo. Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kuyashesha, ngezinhlelo zokuklama ze-3D ezinciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemijikelezo yokukhiqiza.

Amasu okushintshashintsha kwemboni aveza imiphumela ebonakalayo. Ngenkathi ukuthunyelwa kwezingubo okuphelele kubonise ukwehla okuncane okungu-0.2% ku-H1 2025, izingxenye zenani eliphezulu zibonise ukukhula okunamandla: ukuthunyelwa kwezingubo zabesifazane kanye nezingubo zokugqoka kukhuphuke ngo-17.1% kanye namabhulukwe angu-6.2%, okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo okuphumelelayo.

Uma sibheka phambili, ukuvumelanisa izikhuthazo zasekhaya nezindinganiso zokuzinza zomhlaba wonke kuveza indlela ecacile yokukhula kwesikhathi eside. Ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela amakhemikhali, obunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-56% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezibonakalayo, buyathandwa njengoba imikhiqizo iqhubeka nokufuna izintambo zokuhlinzeka ezinobungani nemvelo. Izinkampani ezihlanganisa ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, ezihamba ngezivumelwano zokuhweba ezishintshayo, futhi ezigcina ukuthobela imithetho zizoba sesimweni esihle sokusebenzisa amathuba avelayo kokubili emakethe asethuthukile nasathuthuka. Njengoba u-2025 uqhubeka, lokhu kuvumelanisa amasu cishe kuzoba yinto ehlukanisa abaholi bemboni kwabasele emuva emakethe yomhlaba wonke encintisanayo.